things named after benedict arnold

1.Saint Benedict was a teenager when he became a monk. A Connecticut militia force arrived at Ticonderoga in June; Arnold had a dispute with its commander over control of the fort, and resigned his Massachusetts commission. "No one has betrayed those in uniform like Donald Trump ," said the voiceover in the latest ad . He began to drink heavily, and . Answer (1 of 2): In the United States, Benedict Arnold has the dubious distinction of being one of the primary figures responsible for the Revolutionary War's losing cause. He engaged in a variety of business deals designed to profit from war-related supply movements and benefiting from the protection of his authority. With Benedict Arnold, he led the Green Mountain Boys to capture Fort Ticonderoga from the British in 1775. [109] They also attacked and captured Fort Griswold across the river in Groton, Connecticut, slaughtering the Americans after they surrendered following the Battle of Groton Heightsand all these deeds were done just a few miles down the Thames River from Norwich, where Arnold grew up. [132], Early biographers attempted to describe Arnold's entire life in terms of treacherous or morally questionable behavior. [112], In London, Arnold aligned himself with the Tories, advising Germain and King George III to renew the fight against the Americans. Benedict Arnold was born on Jan. 14, 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut. Unable to find a new military or. [103] Legend has it that, when he was on his deathbed, he said, "Let me die in this old uniform in which I fought my battles. He led the British army in battle against the soldiers whom he had once commanded, after which his name became, and has remained, synonymous with treason and betrayal in the United States.[2]. He later said in his own defense that he was loyal to his true beliefs, yet he lied at the same time by insisting that Peggy was totally innocent and ignorant of his plans. [146] There are also historical markers bearing his name at Wyman Lake Rest Area on US-201 north of Moscow, Maine, on the western bank of Lake Champlain, New York, and two in Skowhegan, Maine.[147]. "[102], The British gave Arnold a brigadier general's commission with an annual income of several hundred pounds, but they paid him only 6,315 plus an annual pension of 360[b] for his defection because his plot had failed. He also provided information on a proposed French-American invasion of Quebec that was to go up the Connecticut River (Arnold did not know that this proposed invasion was a ruse intended to divert British resources). Some could even argue that, patriotism aside, it might have seemed insane for him not to turn traitor. Arnold was promoted to brigadier general for his role in reaching Quebec, and he maintained an ineffectual siege of the city until he was replaced by Major General David Wooster in April 1776. [113] Other attempts all failed to gain positions within the government or the British East India Company over the next few years, and he was forced to subsist on the reduced pay of non-wartime service. And those of us with long memories can take some comfort that things didn't go much better for Arnold once he left the colonies to live in . Benedict Arnold was an enthusiastic patriot who believed passionately in the cause of American liberty. [74] Furthermore, revolutionary mobs were scouring Philadelphia for Loyalists, and Arnold and the Shippen family were being threatened. [citation needed], He then continued on to Philadelphia where he met with members of Congress about his rank. Benedict Arnold, (born January 14, 1741, Norwich, Connecticut [U.S.]died June 14, 1801, London, England), patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. His mother came from a wealthy family, but his alcoholic father squandered their estate. [76] Several members on the panel of judges were ill-disposed toward Arnold over actions and disputes earlier in the war, yet Arnold was cleared of all but two minor charges on January 26, 1780. Mo talks with author Nathaniel Philbrick about the now . Promoted to the rank of brigadier general, Arnold constructed a flotilla on Lake Champlain and inflicted severe losses on a greatly superior enemy fleet near Valcour Island, New York (October 11, 1776). Their friendship became the foundation for the treason for which Peggy's. In exchange for cash and a commission in the British army, Major General Arnold promised to betray his cause and hand over the American fort at West Point. [70] This initial letter opened a discussion on the types of assistance and intelligence that Arnold might provide, and included instructions for how to communicate in the future. He organized the militia response, along with David Wooster and Connecticut militia General Gold Selleck Silliman. [6] In December 1780, he led a force of 1,600 troops into Virginia under orders from Clinton, where he captured Richmond by surprise and then went on a rampage through Virginia, destroying supply houses, foundries, and mills. Benedict Arnold was born on January 14, 1741, in Norwich, Connecticut. Arnold became a shrewd and prosperous trader in New Haven while also joining the local militia in 1774 and being named its captain soon thereafter. [120] The family left Saint John to return to London in December 1791. AD 1781, when the British, under the command of the Traitor Benedict Arnold, burnt the towns of New London and Groton and spread desolation and woe throughout the region. Benedict's exploits and continuous wins caught the eye of George Washington, who . [22] In a strange twist of fate, "the second most hated British . [85], On August 3, 1780, Arnold obtained command of West Point. Clinton was uninterested in most of his aggressive ideas, but finally authorized him to raid the port of New London, Connecticut. Benedict Arnold was born on January 14, 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut and named after his His mother was Hannah Waterman King, a rich widow. Arnold had three sons with Margaret Mansfield:[150][151]. 0:00. He then presented the attack of Fort Ticonderoga. [126] As a result of a clerical error in the parish records, his remains were removed to an unmarked mass grave during church renovations a century later. Apparently, Arnold also had self-confidence issues and his new wife Peggy wasn't helping the situation. In April of 1775, after learning about the conflicts at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts, Arnold organized his men in preparation for a march to Cambridge to aid in the fight against the British . Historians have several theories about why Arnold became a traitor: greed; mounting debt; resentment of other officers; a hatred of the Continental Congress; and a desire for the colonies to remain under British rule. What does it mean to call someone a Benedict Arnold? Unable to obtain a regular commission in the British army, he later pursued various business ventures, including land speculation in Canada. Born in 1867 in Hanley, Staffordshire (part of the famous 'Potteries' and now a district of Stoke-on-Trent), Enoch Arnold Bennett was named after his father, a solicitor. [127] His funeral procession boasted "seven mourning coaches and four state carriages";[103] the funeral was without military honors. 5. Benedict Arnold began the Revolutionary War as a militia captain. He started as an apprentice During the American War for Independence, several engagements were fought at the five-pointed star-shaped Fort Ticonderoga. Far fewer know . [101] From the ship, he wrote a letter to Washington[102] requesting that Peggy be given safe passage to her family in Philadelphiawhich Washington granted. He performed operations that provided the Americans with relief during the Siege of Fort Stanwix, and key actions during the pivotal 1777 Battles of Saratoga, in which he sustained leg injuries that put him out of combat career for several years. Shutterstock Though one might guess that the dish was named for Benedict Arnold, the most famous traitor of the American Revolution, it was not. Sage's gravestone indicates that he was born on April 14, 14, 1786, a date roughly confirmed by Arnold's will, which stated that Sage was 14 when Arnold wrote it in 1800. His grandfather, after whom he was named, was one of the founders of the Rhode Island colony, but Arnold's father was the opposite of the upstanding Benedict Arnold I. Arnold mingled with Loyalist sympathizers in Philadelphia and married into a Loyalist family when he wedded Peggy Shippen. He was convicted of disorderly conduct and fined the relatively small amount of 50 shillings; publicity of the case and widespread sympathy for his views probably contributed to the light sentence. By early July, he was back in Philadelphia, where he wrote another secret message to Clinton on July 7 which implied that his appointment to West Point was assured and that he might even provide a "drawing of the works by which you might take [West Point] without loss". The two-story edifice occupied a lot on the west side of Market between East Main and Division Streets. How did Benedict Arnold betray the Continental Army to the British? Peggy's Childhood Peggy was the daughter of Edward Shippen and born into a prominent Philadelphia family. Neither side knew for some days that the other was in agreement with that offer, due to difficulties in getting the messages across the lines. He received a colonel's commission in the Continental Army for this expedition and left Cambridge in September 1775 with 1,100 men. At the age of sixteen, Arnold enlisted in a militia and served in the French and Indian War in upstate New York . He was also convicted of two minor charges of using his authority to make a profit. S T I L L W A T E R, N.Y., June 14, 2001 -- Benedict Arnold, America's most infamous. [71], By July 1779, Arnold was providing the British with troop locations and strengths, as well as the locations of supply depots, all the while negotiating over compensation. While this is the case, no power in this country could suddenly place you in the situation you aim at under the East India Company. It described a boy who stole eggs from birds' nests, pulled wings off insects, and engaged in other sorts of wanton cruelty, who then grew up to become a traitor to his country. He was on his way home from Ticonderoga when he learned that his wife had died earlier in June. [138] The boy is not identified until the end of the story, when his place of birth is given as Norwich, Connecticut, and his name is given as Benedict Arnold. [6] With the outbreak of the French Revolution, Arnold outfitted a privateer, while continuing to do business in the West Indies, even though the hostilities increased the risk. You may think it was odd that parents would name their newborn . -Benedict Arnold, January, 1780. Before his betrayal Benedict Arnold was a legitimate hero and a competent officer. July 27] 1742 - June 19, 1786) was an American military officer and planter who served in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War.He emerged from the war with a reputation as one of George Washington's most talented and dependable officers, and is known for his successful command in the Southern theater of the conflict. Arnold resented this affront, and only Washingtons personal persuasion kept him from resigning. Benedict Arnold led the attack at the British Fort of Ticonderoga. His action at Ridgefield, coupled with the death of Wooster due to wounds sustained in the action, resulted in his promotion to major general, although his seniority was not restored over those who had been promoted before him. [88], On August 30, Arnold sent a letter accepting Clinton's terms and proposing a meeting to Andr through yet another intermediary: William Heron, a member of the Connecticut Assembly whom he thought he could trust. Arnold purchased large tracts of land in the Maugerville area, and acquired city lots in Saint John and Fredericton. [25] On the night of January 28, 1767, he and members of his crew roughed up a man suspected of attempting to inform authorities of Arnold's smuggling. These letters were delivered by Samuel Wallis, another Philadelphia businessman who spied for the British, rather than by Stansbury. He was a war hero who persistently fought for America's independence. "[144] The victory monument at Saratoga has four niches, three of which are occupied by statues of Generals Gates, Schuyler, and Morgan. His chaplain Rev. [26], On February 22, 1767, Arnold married Margaret Mansfield, daughter of Samuel Mansfield, the sheriff of New Haven and a fellow member in the local Masonic Lodge. His subordinates, some long-time associates, grumbled about Arnold's unnecessary distribution of supplies and eventually concluded that he was selling them on the black market for personal gain. [11], Arnold was very close to his mother, who died in 1759. It was General Arnold. Arnold was planning to surrender the fort there to British forces, but the plot was discovered in September 1780, whereupon he fled to the British lines. In December 1780, Arnold was given command of British forces sent to raid Virginia. As the park's Facebook page explains, the hero's name was left off the monument for a reason. Though the location was used for training cadets in engineering starting in 1794, it officially became the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1802. [50] There he participated in the first recorded Oath of Allegiance, along with many other soldiers, as a sign of loyalty to the United States.[51]. The Hudson River Chain today Benedict Arnold betrayed the Continental Army to the British when he made secret overtures to British headquarters in May 1779 and, a year later, informed the British of a proposed American invasion of Canada. We largely don't even know who he is. Washington refused his resignation and ordered him north to assist with the defense there. [141] Historian Barry Wilson points out that Arnold's descendants established deep roots in Canada, becoming leading settlers in Upper Canada and Saskatchewan. Scholastica, the founder of the Benedictine sisters, was Benedict's sister. He later revealed that he expected to obtain the command of West Point, New York, and asked the British for 20,000 for betraying this post. [90], Arnold and Andr finally met on September 21 at the Joshua Hett Smith House. Together, they won the Battle of Fort Ticonderoga, America's first victory in the Revolutionary War. [45] He then distinguished himself in both Battles of Saratoga, even though General Gates removed him from field command after the first battle, following a series of escalating disagreements and disputes that culminated in a shouting match. [66] Biographer Nathaniel Philbrick argues: Peggy Shippen did have a significant role in the plot. As a young man, Arnold. He fought with distinction for the American Continental Army and rose to the rank of major general before defecting to the British side of the conflict in 1780. Arnold's friend, George Washington, was heartbroken over the news, but was forced to deal with the treacherous act. In an ironic twist, Heron went into New York unaware of the significance of the letter and offered his own services to the British as a spy. [citation needed]. Wallace, Willard M. "Benedict Arnold: Traitorous Patriot." The other leg ached constantly, and he walked only with a cane. Thereafter his name became an epithet for traitor in the United States. On November 10, 1778, General Nathanael Greene wrote to General John Cadwalader, "I am told General Arnold is become very unpopular among you oweing to his associateing too much with the Tories. [136], Fictional invocations of Benedict Arnold's name carry strongly negative overtones. [91][92] This action did little damage besides giving the captain, Andrew Sutherland, a splinter in his nosebut the splinter prompted the Vulture to retreat,[93] forcing Andr to return to New York overland. He claimed that Arnold was guilty of all kinds of treasonous acts and preferred the company of the British loyalists, all without offering any proof. Word of the siege's disastrous outcome led the company to turn around, and Arnold served for only 13 days. Benedict Arnold, despite his bravery on the battlefield, eventually switched sides and became the most infamous traitor in American history. Unlike his accomplishments in the battlefield, Arnold was not a good Governor. Excited by the prospects, Clinton informed his superiors of his intelligence coup, but failed to respond to Arnold's July 7 letter. He also began to insist on a face-to-face meeting, and suggested to Arnold that he pursue another high-level command. Only action by Arnold's superior at Ticonderoga prevented his own arrest on countercharges leveled by Hazen. Omissions? Four days later, Arnold sent a ciphered letter with similar content into New York through the services of the wife of a prisoner of war. Some historians suggested an Arnold liaison in New Brunswick, but Canadian historian Barry Wilson noted the weakness of this traditional account. [84], Arnold next wrote a series of letters to Clinton, even before he might have expected a response to the July 7 letter. [35], During these actions, Arnold made a number of friends and a larger number of enemies within the army power structure and in Congress. May God forgive me for ever having put on another,"[125] but this story may be apocryphal. [11], In 1755, Arnold was attracted by the sound of a drummer and attempted to enlist in the provincial militia for service in the French and Indian War, but his mother refused permission. Bettmann / Corbis "You have five. [30] The household was dominated by Arnold's sister Hannah, even while Margaret was alive. [128][d], Benedict Arnold's name became synonymous with "traitor" soon after his betrayal became public, and biblical themes were often invoked. [94], Andr was captured near Tarrytown, New York, on Saturday, September 23, by three Westchester militiamen. He followed up that action with a bold raid on Fort Saint-Jean on the Richelieu River north of Lake Champlain. He then directed the construction of a fleet to defend Lake Champlain, which was overmatched and defeated in the October 1776 Battle of Valcour Island. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [34], Arnold then traveled to Montreal where he served as military commander of the city until forced to retreat by an advancing British army that had arrived at Quebec in May. [38], General Washington assigned Arnold to the defense of Rhode Island following the British seizure of Newport in December 1776, where the militia were too poorly equipped to even consider an attack on the British. The French had besieged Fort William Henry in northeastern New York, and their Indian allies had committed atrocities after their victory. Discussions had not borne fruit between Schuyler and Washington by early June. His fellow conspirator, Major Andre, was hanged by the Continental army for being a spy. An epidemic of yellow fever ravaged Arnold's family in the 1750s, however, claiming three of his . Arnold died in London at the age of 60. [55], Arnold lived extravagantly in Philadelphia and was a prominent figure on the social scene. "Whom Can We Trust Now? Arnold's childhood was marred by tragedy; by age 20, he was an orphan struggling to make his way in the world as an apothecary. (Benedict Cumberbatch doesn't count; he's British.) Major-General Nathanael Greene (August 7 [O.S. [1] My family have voted conservative in most elections. Benedict Arnold's name might be the first that comes to mind when we think of treason not just because he was a traitor, but because he was such an unlikely one. It is impossible to say when 37-year-old Benedict Arnold first met 18-year-old Peggy Shippen, but we do know that on September 25, 1778, he wrote her a love lettermuch of it an exact copy of . One thing that we can set aside is any notion that the dish was named after Benedict Arnold, the Revolutionary War general who became the most famous American traitor in history after he defected to the British army and became a general for the other side, leading troops against those he once commanded. Although he was unsuccessful, his attempt to betray George Washington and his American forces . Crippled from his wounds, Arnold was placed in command of Philadelphia (June 1778), where he socialized with families of loyalist sympathies and lived extravagantly. The first major biography of his life was The Life and Treason of Benedict Arnold, published in 1832 by historian Jared Sparks; it was particularly harsh in showing how Arnold's treacherous character was formed out of childhood experiences. He would be an apprentice in the mercantile trade for seven years. Benedict Arnold was named brigadier general by the British government and sent on raids to . One plaque bears only a rank and a date but no name: "major general born 1740". During the Revolutionary War, West Point was known as Fort Arnold, but after Benedict Arnold's betrayal, it became known as Fort Clinton. [54] Such schemes were not uncommon among American officers, but Arnold's schemes were sometimes frustrated by powerful local politicians such as Joseph Reed, who eventually amassed enough evidence to publicly air charges against him. [135] Jefferson Davis and other southern secessionist leaders were unfavorably compared to Arnold, implicitly and explicitly likening the idea of secession to treason. But the brash war herohe helped take Fort Ticonderoga and led troops. But You Probably Don't Know His Whole Story Illustration showing Major General Benedict Arnold (1741 - 1801) rallying the American troops. The fourth niche is pointedly empty. He had established a decent relationship with George Washington, as well as Philip Schuyler and Horatio Gates, both of whom had command of the army's Northern Department during 1775 and 1776. [10] His apprenticeship with the Lathrops lasted seven years. [6][103] Among his bequests were considerable gifts to one John Sage, perhaps an illegitimate son or grandson. In his martial success, he became the target of jealous mediocrities. Later Arnold revealed to the British that he expected to receive the command of American forces at West Point, New York, and agreed to surrender that garrison to them for 20,000. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. While Benedict Arnold escaped to British-occupied New York, where he was protected from punishment. Benedict Arnold passed away on 3 March 1849. He could not cope with failure and disgrace. Arnold's role in the war was controversial, with some supporting his actions and others supporting the Patriots. "[108] Cornwallis ignored Arnold's advice to locate a permanent base away from the coast, advice that might have averted his surrender at Yorktown. Unable to obtain a regular commission in the British army after the war, Arnold pursued various business ventures like land speculation and privateering before permanently settling in London. Benedict Arnold Arnold was born on January 14, 1741, in Norwich, Connecticutthe fifth person in his family to be named Benedict Arnold. He marched with 700 men by way of the Maine wilderness, a remarkable feat of woodsmanship and endurance, and, reinforced by Gen. Richard Montgomery, attacked the well-fortified city. Benedict Arnold is an American Revolutionary War General who is known for being the best American Strategist during the war. The Portrayal of Benedict Arnold in American History", Shy, John. The Arnold residence attained the reputation as one of early Amsterdam's finer homes. Arnold had the power to act, to defy the stresses of business and the dangers of the battlefield; but Peggy had the power to endure. This meeting was thwarted when British gunboats in the river fired on his boat, not being informed of his impending arrival. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [86], Arnold's command at West Point also gave him authority over the entire American-controlled Hudson River, from Albany down to the British lines outside New York City. In May 1775, Arnold's forces eventually clashed with the British at Fort Ticonderoga - nestled along the shores of Lake . One critic said that he was a "mean mercenary, who, having adopted a cause for the sake of plunder, quits it when convicted of that charge". Became the target of jealous mediocrities of 60 No one has betrayed in. Fort Ticonderoga, America & # x27 ; s exploits and continuous caught. West Point was hanged by the British army, he led the company turn! 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