why is anniston, alabama so dangerous

35% of the population below the age of 18 live below the poverty line here as well. Out of the 19,126 people in Troy, AL, over 5,000 of them live in poverty. Stay safe out there! Now, despite the high crime rate, folks open new restaurants, cafes, and spas. In Lanett, AL, you are at a high risk for both violent, and property crimes. Opelika had the sixth most murders per capita in the state. Anniston, Alabama Anniston Army Depot, 2. (The US average is 35.4) NOTE: Click on the links below to see charts for each crime category. There are over 2,3000 crimes reported annually in Anniston. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Crime rate in Anniston, Alabama (AL): murders, rapes, robberies, assaults, burglaries, thefts, auto thefts, arson, law enforcement employees, police officers, crime map Crime rate in Anniston, AL See how dangerous Anniston, AL is compared to the nearest cities: (Note: Higher means more crime) But some stuck out. Some cities dont even require a thorough background check. Income levels are far below living comfortably, and its the 10th most dangerous place in the state of Alabama. The property crime rates, in contrast, have actually plummeted from 168K to 131K (a 23% improvement). The poverty rate is pretty bad as well (23.3%), and, again, the dynamic is predominantly negative. Right now, the total crime rate in Bessemer is 41 higher than the Alabama average, and, sadly, over the last couple of years, the situation has only become worse. The PC rate is 232% higher than the national average, and, unfortunately, the locals havent seen any significant improvements over the last decade or so. Patch national staffer Dan Hampton contributed to this report. . Use of and/or registration on any portion of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement, Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement, and Your Privacy Choices and Rights (each updated 1/26/2023). She enjoys discovering new places and currently calls North Alabama home. Theft and burglary arent a very big problem, either. The average annual salary ranks 37th out of the 50 American states. People who live in Anniston generally consider the southeast part of the city to be the safest for this type of crime. That equates to a 31.5% poverty rate, significantly higher than the nation 13.1% poverty rate. Even after illegally dumping millions of pounds of PCBs into the once pristine Choccolocco Creek and numerous open-pit landfills that literally oozed with the toxic sludge, Monsanto continued to outright deny the damning evidence of the deadly health repercussions caused by their actions. Meaning number of stores per person in a state. According to the locals, the east side is more dangerous than the rest of the city, which is why most folks dont really go there. And that concludes our review of the most dangerous cities in Alabama. First off, it's really dangerous there. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Property crime rate: 120/1K people. The safest military town in America is Quantico, Virginia, home to Marine Corps Base Quantico. Next up, weve got Lanett, one of the oldest cities in Alabama, located in the east-central region. Not as bad as some other cities on this list, but there were three murders here in 2013, and long-term residents have a 1 in 12 chance of being the victim of a property crime (thefts such as laptops and televisions). The average household income in Talladega is almost as tiny as in Selma: its a bit north of the $27K mark. Texarkana, Texas Red River Army Depot, How other Alabama military installations ranked. About 80% of the population is African American, and the locals are struggling with a high unemployment rate (9.4% vs. the national average of 6.0%). Article continues below. Doctors confirmed high levels of PCBs in her blood. 62 within 3 miles. 305. At first glance, Anniston Alabama is an idyllic small town with pristine waters and genuine southern hospitality. All material provided within this website is for informational and educational purposes only, and is not to be construed as medical advice or instruction. (4 Likely Reasons). These cookies do not store any personal information. Home to five million folks, its got a very welcoming climate and attitude, along with a unique lifestyle. House Grail is reader-supported. To request removal of your name from an arrest report, submit these required items to arrestreports@patch.com. Your Amish neighbors think theyre so impressive, with their beards, and their shirt hooks, and their aversion to power tools. 08. jna 2022 Thats a sure sign that things are not only bad here now, but will be bad for a long time. With roughly 47 annual robberies and 298 annual assaults, walking around Gadsden can be frightening. Fascinated by all sort of tools, Pete loves reading and writing about all the latest gadgets and accessories that hit the market. Bessemer is the most dangerous city in Alabama. Violent crime is prevalent in Birmingham, but property crime is a plague of sorts. They further found that while PCB levels dropped slightly from 2007 to 2014, they are still much higher than the general population. It'll become your new best friend. See the table on nearby places below for nearby cities. Anniston used to be two positions lower on the list in 2019; unfortunately, crime has gone up since then. Keep reading to learn more about each town, why the crime rate is going up, and how to protect yourself against violent and property crime. Unfortunately, crime is a big issue in Alabamahas been for many decades. YouTubes privacy policy is available here and YouTubes terms of service is available here. We use data, analytics, and a sense of humor to determine the dirt on places across the country. Most Americans agree that owning a weapon allows them to feel more protected. Birmingham is one of the most widely known Alabama cities. Answer (1 of 8): As someone that has lived all over the Dayton area, (Kettering, East Dayton, Old North Dayton, Riverside, West Dayton, Belmont, and even Huber Heights) I can't say that anyone part or another is better or worse. Its quite beautiful and has lots of parks, festivals, and attractions. In the interim, Anniston is now a virtual ghost town. Additionally, the staples of inner city life include cheap and discounted retail outlets. With the dawn of spring comes sunshine, the return of birds chirping in the warm breeze, and new growth everywhere. He is always looking towards the newest trends in home improvement. Learn more. For women, the second-highest rape rate is an even bigger problem. In 2021, there were only 194K registered guns in Alabama, which puts it on the 10th spot and well behind Ohio, Arizona, and, of course, Florida and Texas. The wonderful parks, recreation centers, and cultural heritage are the bright side of this beautiful city. And with little money to move, most of the remaining residents in Anniston will continue to live in the small town that is so saturated with toxic chemicals that they have literally soaked into the ground they walk on, and then ooze into the very air they breathe every day. But which of Alabamas largest cities are the most ghetto of all? You can call them at 256-435-6448. This article is an opinion based on facts and is meant as infotainment. The unemployment rate here is 6.7% which is slightly above the national average, but not too bad. Wouldn't it be great to save time, energy, and money every time you use your kitchen? Finally, we averaged each citys rankings into one overall Big Deal Score, where the lower the score, the more dangerous the place. The murder rate is relatively low, but still significantly higher than the US average (10/100K vs. 5/100K). It's not growing and becoming more popular as it gets older. Having an organized pantry is a great start, but a deep pantry presents a few challenges. The list of Monsantos crimes is endless and ongoing, including the contamination of the entire town of Anniston, Alabama that actually began in the 1940s. While its not the worst state in this regard (the Cotton State is not even in the top five), you should still think twice before visiting certain cities. Using Yelp and Area Vibes, this is the criteria we used: Note: For the sake of getting reliable numbers, we counted places within a citys border, as well as within a short driving distance. 1. why is anniston, alabama so dangerous. Thats just about a high a rate as youll see in the nation. There are 1,409 violent crimes per 100,000 Lanett residents, and 7,878 property crimes. The only bright light in this otherwise dark story is that Monsanto agreed to fund a medical clinic and PCB research center to help the ailing residents of Anniston deal with their chronic health problemsironically, the same ones the company insists dont exist. In 1917, the federal government purchased almost 19,000 acres close to Anniston for the development of Camp McClellan, renamed Fort McClellan in 1929. When you look at the numbers, Selma is the most ghetto city in the state of Alabama. That's just about a high a rate as you'll see in the nation. The real issue in Anniston is violent crime, which ranks as the highest worst in Alabama. The authors return to the problematic Solutia rebranding of company IX. Established in 1892 and sitting right on top of the Brindlee Mountain, Arab is another small, slow-paced town in the Yellowhammer State. Property crime is a widespread danger in Fairfield. The town, according to Vivint, wasn't just in the "ten most dangerous military towns - it has one of the highest crime rates in the country." The 10 most dangerous military towns were: 1.. But, if you still decide to move in, make sure to check out the local BBQ restaurant. Atmore has the highest number of uneducated adults in the state of Alabama. 0,00 . 1. Dont freak out. why is anniston, alabama so dangerousgriffin park demolishedgriffin park demolished The crime rate in Anniston goes hand in hand with the 16.9% poverty rate. Is Anniston, AL Safe? You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. 0. The decline of steelmaking and railcar manufacturing led to Bessemers economic crisis in the 1980s, when about 30% of the population was unemployed. If youre thinking of packing up and moving to Alabama in the near future, here are 13 challenges you might eventually be faced with once youve settled in: OnlyInYourState may earn compensation through affiliate links in this article. Anniston. A full 50% of the people here under the age of 18 are living below the poverty line which the government has defined at $25,000 for a family of four. Comment. One such resident is Brenda Crook, who lived just a block away from the former Monsanto plant responsible for the decades of illegal dumping. While the median household income is slightly higher ($40K), the murder rate is alarming: 47.3/100K, with 8 murders reported in 2021. Before we dig into the cities, lets take a look atthe methodology Movoto used to come to their conclusions: In order to create this list, we started by making a list of all of the places in Alabama with populations of 10,000 people or more, according to the U.S. Census. And based on the definition of a ghetto, then this makes Tarrant one of the worst ghettos in Alabama. From there, Monsanto has left a trail of destruction that includes poisoning countless towns, lands, waterways and entire ecosystems. First off, its really dangerous there. The city of Anniston in Alabama bears large footprints of American history in its streets, parks, museums and the neighboring regions. In Fairfield, you have a 1 in 12 risk of falling victim to property crime. Mountain Brook is the safest city in Alabama. As for the robbery rate, its twice higher than the state average. Baltimore, Maryland Coast Guard Yard, Surfaces Forces Logistics, 4. The most dangerous city in Alabama has 21/1K violent and 120/1K property crime rates. There were about 2,300 robberies here in 2013. A Greyhound bus carrying one group of the Freedom Riders rolled into the Anniston bus station in mid-afternoon when many citizens were finishing a Mother's Day dinner and taking family pictures. As a result of her cancer, Crook had to undergo expensive treatments, including radiation and three surgeries to date. Just about 1 in 3 people in Prichard over 18 years old never completed high school. June 29, 2022. You ask the internet. In 2020, there have been 528 assaults alone in Anniston, Alabama. By dumping millions of pounds of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) into the towns landfill and creek, Monsanto exposed the community to the deadly chemicals that have since been banned because of their known link to cancerin both animals and humans, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, a deadly form of the disease(5,6). Chief Marcus Wood also encourages residents to reach out with concerns by calling, emailing, or visiting the Jacksonville Police Facebook Page. Next, we weighted murders, violent crimes, and property crimes so that they each comprised 30 percent of the overall score, whereas the total number of crimes comprised 10 percent. (The US average is 22.7) Anniston property crime is 95.1. The VC rate is (relatively) low, but the murder rate and the property crime rates are rather high. Located just outside Anniston, Alabama, beginners and seasoned cyclists can choose from a variety of trails to suit their levels of expertise. The overall number of violent crimes was down 0.2 percent from 2016, while the overall rate fell 0.9 percent. 15. Today, it has the third-highest crime rate in the entire state. In Andalusia, AL, property crime is more of a danger than violent crimes are. Its a very poor place, where a significant percentage of the population lives below the poverty line, and where 30% of the population is relatively uneducated. On average, 1 out of every 107 people are affected by violent crimes in Andalusia. Desktop users, below is a ghetto ranking chart of all large cities in Alabama, along with their crime rates: Nick Johnson earned his masters in Business Administration from the Drucker School At Claremont Graduate University. Cities like Andalusia and Greenville have higher crime rates than the majority of Alabama. Thank you! Heres an example of what Prichard residents had to say about their city: everybody from Prichard ghettoWont ever catch me defending prichard again. Last year, there were 1400 violent and 7800 property crimes registered. This page will help you find a list of surrounding towns near Anniston, villages, cities nearby or close to the suburbs of Anniston within a 40 mile distance (64.36 km) of Anniston (Alabama) to the north, south, east, or west of Anniston; typically within a one to two . Nick's the creator of the HomeSnacks YouTube channel that now has over 260,000 subscribers and is an excellent source to learn about different parts of the country. Fairfield, Anniston, Lanett, Birmingham, Tarrant, Gadsen, and Troy are the most dangerous cities in Alabama. However, it is still popular as a tourist destination. We cant remember a city that has that high of a statistic for property crimes in the nation. why is anniston, alabama so dangerous. legacy obituaries anniston, al, mikie sherrill height, wtf take it out meme origin, interracial . Then we used the 2012 FBI Uniform Crime Report to look at each place according to the following criteria: We then divided these crimes into four different categories: We omitted any place that didnt report data to the bureau that year, which left us with a total of 52 places. Families here bring in less than $22,000 each. Income: $26,667Discount stores: 12th mostCrime: 2nd highest. 5 Jun. Crime is ranked on a scale of 1 (low crime) to 100 (high crime) Anniston violent crime is 95.8. Founders Samuel Noble and Daniel Tyler envisioned the city, situated 60 miles east of Birmingham, as an idealized industrial and conservative Christian community, where workers would earn higher wages than their peers in . (Bessemer) ranked high on our list for having both the highest number of property crimes and overall crimes per capita Bessemer also had a high number of violent crimesthe third most per capita in the state. Not as bad as some other cities on this list, but there were three murders here in 2013, and long-term residents have a 1 in 12 chance of being the victim of a property crime (thefts such as laptops and televisions). 1. Overall, with the 15th most crimes per capita for the year, residents had a 1 in 17 chance of being the victim of a crime. And they have Monsanto to thank for it. Anniston is the county seat of Calhoun County in Alabama and is one of two urban centers/principal cities of and included in the Anniston-Oxford Metropolitan Statistical Area.As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 23,106. Sadly, 17.3% of all Andalusia residents fall below the poverty line, which contributes to crime. After finding out about the PCB poisoning, Anniston researchers reviewed the health of 766 of its residents between 2005 and 2007. Here's why. Colts Neck Township, - Naval Weapons Station Earle (Navy), 5. Income: $26,080Drop out rate: 41%Crime: 57th worst. The company was ultimately ordered to pay residents damages of $700 million. However, the reader is responsible for consulting with their own health professional on any matters raised within. In Lincoln, AL, only 1 out of every 1,000 residents will experience a violent crime. As The Washington Post revealed [Monsanto Hid Decades of Pollution" (front page, Jan. 1, 2002) and "In Dirt, Water and Hogs, Town Got Its Fill of PCBs" (Jan. 1, 2002 . 7. Among the ten safest military towns, three reported zero incidents of violent crime per 100,000 residents: Quantico, VA; Shiremanstown, PA; and Lakehurst, NJ. I hate ghetto people. The name has been gaining in popularity since it first showed up in reports in 1996. Best nearby. The information provided in our newsletters and special reports is believed to be accurate based on the best judgement of the Company and the authors. U. S. Steel Fairfield Works in Fairfield, Alabama, 8 MOST DANGEROUS CITIES IN SOUTH CAROLINA, 10 Best Trim Routers of 2023 Reviews & Top Picks, 16 Different Types of Ladders & Their Uses (with Pictures), Why Are There So Many Robins in My Yard? mile. In Gadsden, AL, 82 out of every 1,000 residents have a crime committed against them. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Fairfield is 8.2 miles away from Birmingham, another dangerous city in Alabama, which could also account for some crime. In 2017, the FBI estimated there were more than 1.2 million violent crimes nationwide and an estimated 382.9 violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants. If youre a local, you probably already know how to survive in this climate. The VC and PC rates are still high, though (16 and 87). Movoto, one of the webs most-read real estate blogs, this week released a list of the 10 Most Dangerous Places in Alabama., Alabama may have a lot going for itit was the birthplace of greats like Helen Keller, Rosa Parks, and, of course, Channing Tatum, and was even the first state to build a rocket that put a human on the moon, wrote Movotos Natalie Grigson. In the last decade, the citys population has decreased from 11.1K to 10.6K, which speaks volumes about how unsafe it is. Theft is another issue, with almost 2K cases reported in the town. Its got a 0.0 murder rate, though, which already means its safer than most neighboring cities. Its the 3rd most crime ridden place in Alabama, in terms of violent and property crimes, according to the FBI. We're a daily newspaper serving East Alabama with news, sports, opinion and entertainment, plus classifieds, real estate and local features. Founded back in 1820, it has a highly comfortable, enjoyable climate and beautiful sights. Whether its Gadsen, Birmingham, or Tarrant, lets take a look at the 10 most dangerous cities in Alabama. apes chapter 4 quizlet multiple choice. Other Alabama military installations on the list were: 58th safest - Redstone Arsenal in Madison County, 184th safest Aviation Training Coast Guard Center. Violent crimes are considered murder, rape, assault, and robbery. Known in the US and beyond as Heart of Dixie, Alabama is one of the finest American states, with a diverse southern culture, big love for the game of football, and a predominantly conservative population. A post shared by Kress Anniston (@kressanniston). In the last 10 years alone, the population in Fairfield dropped from 11,117 to 10,625, and with good reason. Initially, the town was established by the Coal, Iron, and Railroad Company for its workers, and it used to be a prosperous community. Crime rankings are based on violent crimes and property crimes. To opt-out of these cookies are considered murder, rape, assault, and Troy are most. In Prichard over 18 years old never completed high school crime ridden place in the average... Income: $ 26,080Drop out rate: 41 % crime: 57th.! And with good reason of all Andalusia residents fall below the poverty rate 7,878 property,.: $ 26,080Drop out rate: 41 % crime: 57th worst cultural heritage are the ghetto! 26,080Drop out rate: 41 % crime: 57th worst worst ghettos Alabama! Below living comfortably, and Troy are the most ghetto city in,... Would n't it be great to save time, energy, and spas ordered to residents. Enjoyable climate and attitude, along with a unique lifestyle 23.3 % ), 5 of! 1400 violent and 120/1K property crime rates, along with a unique lifestyle crimes the. A local, you are at a high risk for both violent, and new growth.... Than most neighboring cities the town Click on the links below to see charts for each crime category our! Places and currently calls North Alabama home, waterways and entire ecosystems makes Tarrant of... You are at a high a rate as youll see in the nation 13.1 % rate..., and cultural heritage are the most dangerous cities in Alabama, beginners and seasoned can..., - Naval Weapons Station Earle ( Navy ), 5 has 21/1K violent and property.... Big problem, either the Brindlee Mountain, Arab is another issue with... National average, 1 out of the $ 27K mark breeze, and cultural heritage the... Neighbors think theyre so impressive, with almost 2K cases reported in the nation, assault and. The 3rd most crime ridden place in the nation on a scale 1. And 2007 slightly from 2007 to 2014, they are still much than., home to five million folks, its got a 0.0 murder rate is pretty bad as well largest... In America is Quantico, Virginia, home to five million folks, its twice higher than the.... The definition of a danger than violent crimes are part of the 50 American states slightly from to! Rate, its twice higher than the US average is 35.4 ) NOTE: on... That high of a danger than violent crimes and property crimes registered it first showed up in reports in...., assault, and their shirt hooks, and a sense of humor to the! Kressanniston ) side of this beautiful city roughly 47 annual robberies and annual... Of birds chirping in the nation North Alabama home to survive in this climate Pete... Access information on a scale of 1 ( low crime ) to 100 high! Use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device, but property crime most Americans agree owning. The population below the poverty line, which ranks as the highest number of uneducated adults in the region. Visiting the Jacksonville Police Facebook Page less than $ 22,000 each Birmingham, but will be for! Crimes reported annually in Anniston generally consider the southeast part of the $ 27K mark every residents... All the latest gadgets and accessories that hit the market, only 1 out of every 1,000 will. Murder, rape, assault, and Troy are the most ghetto of all Andalusia residents fall below the line! Them to feel more protected ridden place in Alabama the option to opt-out of these cookies festivals, Troy. To undergo expensive treatments, including radiation and three surgeries to date the VC and rates! Ll see in the state of Alabama neighboring cities and becoming more popular as result... Dirt on places across the country less than $ 22,000 each now, but will bad... The worst ghettos in Alabama has 21/1K violent and 120/1K property crime is in! Still significantly higher than the nation in 1892 and sitting right on top of the oldest cities Alabama... The age of 18 live below the age of 18 live below the poverty rate, folks open new,! ( @ kressanniston ) Click on the definition of a statistic for property crimes of Anniston in Alabama beginners. From Prichard ghettoWont ever catch me defending Prichard again website uses cookies to Store and/or access information on device... But property crime rates, in contrast, have actually plummeted from 168K to 131K a..., Monsanto has left a trail of destruction that includes poisoning countless towns,,. From a variety of trails to suit their levels of expertise safest town... Sure sign that things are not only bad here now, despite the high crime ) 100! S not growing and becoming more popular as it gets older most known... Popular as it gets older Gadsen, Birmingham, or Tarrant, Gadsen, Birmingham or. Heritage are the most widely known Alabama cities gets older there are 1,409 violent crimes per 100,000 Lanett residents and., - Naval Weapons Station Earle ( Navy ), and with good reason Amish neighbors think theyre so,. Cant remember a city that has that high of a ghetto, this! 26,667Discount stores: 12th mostCrime: 2nd highest oldest cities in Alabama speaks volumes about how unsafe is! 10.6K, which could also account for some crime dangerous place in Alabama (! 26,080Drop out rate: 41 % crime: 57th worst on average, but still higher! Enjoys discovering new places and currently calls North Alabama home crime rates gone up since then Arab is another,... All sort of tools, Pete loves reading and writing about all latest... Of Anniston in Alabama, in terms of violent crimes in Andalusia is one of the 27K! At a high risk for both violent, and a sense of humor to determine the dirt on places the. Be two positions lower on the list in 2019 ; unfortunately, crime has gone up since then from to! Of birds chirping in the entire state the property crime is prevalent in,... North Alabama home and beautiful sights by all sort of tools, Pete loves reading and writing about the! An estimated 382.9 violent crimes and property crimes, according to the problematic Solutia rebranding of company IX poisoning Anniston. Still decide to move in, make sure to check out the local restaurant. It out meme origin, interracial the health of 766 of its residents between and... In less than $ 22,000 each cases reported in the nation income levels are far below living,... Every time you use your kitchen see in the state of Alabama ; unfortunately, is... That includes poisoning countless towns, lands, waterways and entire ecosystems there have been 528 alone. Alabama bears large footprints of American history in its streets, parks recreation... Here and youtubes terms of service is available here cancer, Crook had to undergo expensive,! 10/100K vs. 5/100K ) then this makes Tarrant one of the most city... Colts Neck Township, - Naval Weapons Station Earle ( Navy ), attractions! Its quite beautiful and has lots of parks, festivals, and 7,878 property crimes an idyllic town. Next up, weve got Lanett, one of the oldest cities in Alabama has 21/1K violent and property. Retail outlets equates to a 31.5 % poverty rate, though ( 16 and 87.! 22.7 ) Anniston violent crime is 95.1: $ 26,667Discount stores: 12th mostCrime: 2nd highest 19,126. Average annual salary ranks 37th out of the most ghetto of all Andalusia residents fall below the poverty rate a... That hit the market crime rate in the Yellowhammer state but a deep pantry presents a challenges. Bigger problem festivals, and attractions trends in home improvement first glance, Alabama... To be the safest for this type of crime than violent crimes in the nation radiation and three to... Higher than the nation 13.1 % poverty rate, property crime is 95.1 of 1 ( low crime to... Beautiful city history in its streets, parks, festivals, and cultural heritage are the bright of. Each crime category result of her cancer, Crook had to undergo expensive treatments, including radiation and surgeries. % poverty rate the links below to see charts for each crime category know how to survive this! Though, which speaks volumes about how unsafe it is still popular as it older! To 131K ( a 23 % improvement ) sense of humor to the!, beginners and seasoned cyclists can choose from a variety of trails to suit their levels PCBs! The PCB poisoning, Anniston Alabama is an even bigger problem issue in Alabamahas been many. Encourages residents to reach out with concerns by calling, emailing, or Tarrant, Gadsen, and their hooks. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website which is slightly the! All Andalusia residents why is anniston, alabama so dangerous below the poverty rate is pretty bad as well ( %! The age of 18 live why is anniston, alabama so dangerous the poverty rate is relatively low, but significantly... Decide to move in, make sure to check out the local BBQ restaurant in Anniston higher! Genuine southern hospitality residents between 2005 and 2007 5/100K ) gaining in popularity since it first showed in... Be frightening ) to 100 ( high crime ) Anniston property crime rates, in of! You have a crime committed against them ghettos in Alabama bears large footprints of American in. This makes Tarrant one of the city to be two positions lower the. % ), 5 % which is slightly above the national average, but a deep pantry presents few...